What is the internet?
Lecture by Florian Cramer.

Web and the internet are not the same.
In 1969 internet was originated

Internet means nothing else but global networking.

Examples of so called protocols:
http:// is the world wide web. The rest is not.
Skype
email (evolved in 1972).
ssh
ftp
irc
jabber
BitTorrent

What is a protocol?
The internet kabels are used to send the coding. (00101001101 etc.)

Everything that starts with http:// is on the world wide web.
http:// (hypertextprotocol)
It’s like a road system and on top of the road you have different vehicles, cars,
bikes, people, These are the different users.

Internet was invented as a computer network between technical universities.
Then there was a little addition where you could send email with.
It became a communication network.

BitTorrent is also its own protocol, not world wide web.
Jabber and IRC are chat protocols.
SSH is secure network communication.

Internet was financed by american military.
It was said the internet could survive an atomic bomb. But that is a myth.
Internet used to be called ARPANET.

Universities who used internet: STANFORD, UTAH, CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA
You could also see the machines they used.

Traceroute.monitis.com (try it)
You can trace how date is traveling through the world.

The information you type into google, goes through all kinds of computers,
until it comes to the google server/computer.

IP is like a phone number. Everyone has a unique one.

Opensource software: You can see what other people on the same network are visiting.

Bordercheck.org


Distributed: Everyone is sender and receiver.
Centralized: One sending point and others receive.
Decentralized: Multiple central points, with a group of receiver around it.
Like there is the wifi and the students are gathered around it, using it.
People are sharing. Like pirate bay.
People download from each other and not from a server.

Who owns the internet?
Nobody knows.
There’s copyright applied to the internet.
The internet doesn’t belong to anyone.
You could say it belongs to google and the big searching programs, because they rule the place. But there is not one central company or agency who controls the internet.

Internet are digital 0 and 1. They can have different meanings.
It can be a video or a text file.
Copypasta… (badum tshh)
you find some image and copy paste it and then someone else does it and another etc.

If you have analog data it’s harder to copy.
Analog is the electricity waves, sound waves. When digitalized it’s rasterized and translated into numbers.

20 years ago you couldn’t copy paste a tv show. But now you can because of the 0’s and 1’s.

Lev Manovich,
from Russia but lives and teaches in california
Book: The language of new media.

He really describes the distance between the old and the new media.
He’s a filmmaker and a designer.

In this book, he comes op with criteria about what is media.
It is:
1.Numerical representation (001001 etc.)
2.Modularity.
Modularity in the sense, it is very easy to chop it up in different functions.
For instance: Rabobank want to change orange and blue to yellow and black. All you have to do is go back to your documents and change the colors. You don’t have to do it all over again.
3. Automation.
Auto illustrator. It’s like illustrator but the tools had their own will. If you would click on the text tool to automatically places random texts.
Automatic Graphic design.
Wordpress, Facebook, Twitter. That’s a lot of automation. Put a url in FB and it automatically shows the video.
4.Variability
Copypasta is an example.
5.Transcoding.
Multichannel publishing:
Phones, pdf, ipad,www,HTML,Quark,email
Booktrailers is also an example of transcoding.
6. Distribution. (added by florian himself)

Portrait of shakespear

ubu.com:
contemporary art.
Creative transcoding.
trespassing the old boundaries with text and image.
You can open a jpeg image and see weird characters.
He opened the jpeg of shakespear and added a poem of hamlet.

Internet is the digital code with the networking.

Copyright
Was invented after the printing press.

Amazon mechanical turk.
You can pay 5 euros to have someone translate a text for you (for instance).

>

Binary code.

Arpanet. Before it was called internet.

Internet was originated in 1969

City trafic can be compared with the internet.
It has a lot of different users

California Institute of Technology.
One of the first universities who used internet.

Traceroute.monitis.com. Fill in a website and you can see how the data travels over the world!

Distributed: Everyone is sender and receiver

Centralized: One sending point and others receive.

Decentralized:
Multiple central points, with a group of receiver around it. People are sharing.
Like pirate bay. People download from each other and not from a server.

Who owns the internet?

Lev Manovich

Portrait of Shakespear

Copyright was invented after the letterpress

Machanical Turk